Lättymaa
Mielipiteitä on joka lähtöön – mutta vähemmän
oikeita tieteellisiä tutkimuksia universumin muodosta.
... paitsi että yllättäen onkin: tuossa 44kpl USA:n ym hallintojärjestöjen
virallista tutkimusta - CIA, USA:n armeija (maa, meri, ilma), NASA, Mitre, RCC,
Alderete, Schenyang Kiinasta, Penn State, APN, DTIC, FAG, kontraktorit jne.,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xc1Jpxzrq2w
Ei liiku/pyöri, on flat eikä pallo. Piste
ja loppu. Terveisin, RAAMATTU.
”Hän on maan vahvistanut, ettei se liiku”,
Biblia 1776 ja Biblia 1867)” (1 Aikak. 16:30)
Olli-Pekka Tuikkala
Lähteet:
Raamattu
1. CIA-RDP86-00513R001343720008-3 Study of the dispersion of light in the
earth atmosphere
https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP86-00513R001343720008-3.pdf
Page 19, Card 6/21: "one of these was
a visual photometer of the daytime sky intended for measuring the brightness of
the firmament;" Page 20, Card 7/21: "near-sun halo" &
"on the assumption of a 'flat' Earth" "firmament"
2. ARL-TR-2352 Propagation of Electromagnetic Fields Over Flat Earth
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA389123.pdf
Page 7, 1. Introduction: "it is
assumed that the transmitting antenna and the target (or receiver) are located
above, but near the surface of a flat idealized earth" Page 17, Figure 6:
"Comparison of principal fields from an ideal dipole oriented
perpendicular and horizontal to a homogeneous flat earth." Page 18, Figure
7: "Comparison of principal fields from an ideal dipole oriented
perpendicular and horizontal to a homogeneous flat earth." Page 27, Plot
m-File for Fields: "This m-file plots the fields over a conductive flat
earth produced by an ideal dipole" Page 33, Report Document Page, 4. Title
And Subtitle: "Propagation of Electromagnetic Fields Over Flat Earth"
3. ARL-MR-563 An Energy Budget Model to Calculate the Low Atmosphere Profiles of
Effective Sound Speed at Night
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA414792.pdf
Page 10, Figure 1: Illustration showing a
local/near sun, crepuscular rays, & a flat earth. Page 16, 3.2
Approximation of Short Range Acoustic Attenuation: "To briefly examine
short range acoustic attenuation at night, we use the low atmosphere profiles
of wind speed, temperature, and relative humidity (shown before) as input to a
flat earth, non turbulent acoustic propagation model called the Windows
(version) Scanning Fast Field Program (WSCAFFIP)."
4. ARL-TR-4998 Computationally Efficient Algorithms for Estimating the Angle of
Arrival of Helicopters Using Acoustic Arrays
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA507627.pdf
Page 17, 3.3 Multipath Model: "Figure
6 illustrates a simple model for multipath, which is a based upon the signal
having a single bounce on a flat Earth with propagation that is described by
ray tracing for signals in the far-field." Page 30, 4.3 Elevation Angle
Results: "This may be caused by a violation of the assumption of the flat
Earth model." Page 31, 4.3 Elevation Angle Results: "The assumptions
of straight-line propagation, constant reflection coefficient, or reflection
off a flat Earth may not be valid." Page 35, 5. Conclusions: "The
algorithm assumed multipath could be modeled with a single bounce, a constant
reflection coefficient, straight line propagation, a flat Earth, and incident
angles that were not near grazing."
5. ARL-TR-5118 Adding Liquid Payloads Effects to the 6-DOF Trajectory of Spinning
Projectiles
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA519118.pdf
Page 7, 2. Projectile Flight Dynamics:
"These equations assume a flat Earth."
6. ARL-TR-5810 Trajectory Prediction of Spin-Stabilized Projectiles With a Steady
Liquid Payload
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA553573.pdf
Page 10, 2. Projectile Flight Dynamic Model
With a Liquid Payload: "These equations assume a flat Earth."
Documents 5 & 6 are both by Gene R.
Cooper. Note how in his second paper he didn't update his model from a
geocentric to a heliocentric.
7. NASA Reference Publication 1207,
August 1988 Derivation and Definition of a Linear
Aircraft Model
https://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/pdf/88104main_H-1391.pdf
Page 6, Introduction: "This report
details the development of the linear model of a rigid aircraft of constant
mass, flying over a flat, nonrotating earth." "By defining the
initial conditions (of the nominal trajectory) for straight and level flight
and setting the asymmetric aerodynamic and inertia terms to zero, one can
easily obtain the more traditional linear models from the linear model derived
in this report." Page 35, 3 Concluding Remarks: "This report derives
and defines a set of linearized system matrices for a rigid aircraft of
constant mass, flying in a stationary atmosphere over a flat, nonrotating
earth." Page 55, D.2 Evaluation of the Derivations of the Time Derivatives
of the State of Variables: "...based on assumptions of symmetric mass
distributions, symmetric aerodynamics, and straight and level flight."
Page 102, Abstract: "This report documents the derivations of a linear
aircraft model for a rigid aircraft of constant mass flying over a flat,
nonrotating earth."
8. General Equations of Motion for a
Damaged Asymmetric Aircraft
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20070030307/downloads/20070030307.pdf
Page 2, II. Rigid Body Equations of Motion
Referenced to an Arbitrary Fixed Point on the Body: "In this paper, the
rigid body equations of motion over a flat non-rotating earth are developed
that are not necessarily referenced to the body’s center of mass."
9. NASA Technical Memorandum 104330 Predicted Performance of a ThrustEnhanced SR-71 Aircraft with an
External Payload
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19970019923/downloads/19970019923.pdf
Page 10, DIGITAL PERFORMANCE SIMULATION
DESCRIPTION: "The DPS equations of motion use four assumptions that
simplify the program while maintaining its fidelity for most maneuvers and
applications: point-mass modeling, nonturbulent atmosphere, zero side forces,
and a nonrotating Earth." At 2,193 mph, no consideration is given for
the rotation of the Earth, its curvature, the supposed Coriolis effect, etc.
10. Mitre Technical Report MTR150184 Derivation of a Point-Mass Aircraft Model used for Fast-Time
Simulation
https://www.mitre.org/sites/default/files/publications/pr_15-1318-derivation-of-point-mass-aircraft-model-used-for-fast-time-simulation.pdf
Page 7, 2.1 Reference Frames:
"Assuming a flat, non-rotating Earth, an inertial reference frame N is
defined with the nˆ1 axis aligned with east, the nˆ2 axis aligned with north,
and the nˆ3 axis pointing up from the Earth."
11. NASA Document ID: 19710018599 A METHOD FOR REDUCING THE SENSITIVITY OF OPTIMAL NONLINEAR SYSTEMS
TO PARAMETER UNCERTAINTY
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19710018599/downloads/19710018599.pdf
Page 14 of PDF, Page 12 of Document, A
Numerical Example / Problem Statement: "The idealizing assumptions made
are the following:" | "(2) A flat, nonrotating earth"
12. NASA TN D-645 CALCULATION OF WIND COMPENSATION FOR LAUNCHING OF UNGUIDED ROCKETS
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040008097/downloads/20040008097.pdf
Page 8 of PDF, Page 7 of Document: "In
addition to the above requirements, this simulation assumes a vehicle with six
degrees of freedom and aerodynamic symmetry in roll and the missile position in
space is computed relative to a flat nonrotating earth."
This is in relation to missile
positioning and includes a diagram on the page afterwards.
13. NASA-TP-2768 User's Manual for LINEAR, a FORTRAN Program to Derive Linear
Aircraft Models
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19880012356/downloads/19880012356.pdf
Page 16 of PDF, Page 12 of Document:
"Within the program, the nonlinear equations of motion include 12 states
representing a rigid aircraft flying in a stationary atmosphere over a flat
nonrotating earth."
14. NASA-TP-2835 User's Manual for LINEAR, a FORTRAN Program to Derive Linear
Aircraft Models
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19890007066/downloads/19890007066.pdf
Page 4, Summary: "The nonlinear
equations of motion used are six-degree-of-freedom equations with stationary
atmosphere and flat, nonrotating earth assumptions." Page 126, 16.
Abstract: "The nonlinear equations of motion used are six-degree-of-freedom
equations with stationary atmosphere and flat, nonrotating earth
assumptions."
Documents 14 is an updated version of
document 13.
15. NASA-TM-X-2514 DETERMINATION OF ANGLES OF ATTACK AND SIDESLIP FROM RADAR DATA AND
A ROLL-STABILIZED PLATFORM
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19720012071/downloads/19720012071.pdf
Page 2, 16. Abstract:"The method is
limited, however, to application where a flat, nonrotating earth may be
assumed."
16. Document ID 19630003300 U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19630003300/downloads/19630003300.pdf
Page 22 of PDF, Page 6 of Document, Part 1
Basis of the Tables: "For the accuracy required in this document, it
suffices to treat the surface <I> = O as an ellipsoid whose flattening
(ellipticity) is" followed by the equation. In other words, they had to
flatten the globe to make their model, equations, & calculations work. This
is still the methodology in use today.
17. Document ID 19920003846 An Aircraft Model for the AIAA Controls Design Challenge
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19920003846/downloads/19920003846.pdf
Page 15 of PDF, Page 11 of Document,
Equations of Motions and Atmospheric Model: "The nonlinear equations of
motion used in this model are general six-degree-of-freedom equations
representing the flight dynamics of a rigid aircraft flying in a stationary
atmosphere over a fiat, nonrotating Earth."
18. Document ID 19790005472, NASA
Contractor Report 3073 Investigation of Aircraft
Landing in Variable Wind Fields
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19790005472/downloads/19790005472.pdf
Page 14, Chapter II, AIRCRAFT LANDING
MODEL, 1. Equations of Motion: "The aircraft trajectory model employed in
this study was derived based on the following ssumptions: a) The earth is flat
and non-rotating."
19. Document ID 19810003557 A Mathematical Model of the CH-53 Helicopter
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19810003557/downloads/19810003557.pdf
Page 25, Equations of Motion: "The
helicopter equations of motion are given in body axe8 with respect to a flat,
nonrotating Earth."
20. NASA-TP-1285, Document ID
19790005912 Development and validation of a piloted
simulation of a helicopter and external sling load
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19790005912/downloads/19790005912.pdf
Page 6 of PDF, Page 2 of Document,
Introduction: "A general set of nonlinear, rigid-body equations of motion
for both the helicopter and external load determines the motion of each vehicle
with respect to a flat, nonrotating Earth." Page 37 of PDF, Page 33 of
Document, Equations of Motions: "The equations of motion for both the
helicopter and the external sling load are developed in body axes with respect
to a flat, nonrotating Earth." Page 48 of PDF, Page 44 of Document, Visual
Landing Display System: "The terrain is generally flat, and provision is
made for variable visibility, variable cloud-base heights, and day, dusk, and
night scenes."
21. Document ID 19650015408 Atmospheric oscillations
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19650015408/downloads/19650015408.pdf
Page 13 of PDF, Page 10 of Document,
DYNAMICS OF THE ATMOSPHERE: "A model frequently used is that of a flat,
nonrotating earth." & "The most one can profitably simplify the
problem is to consider an isothermal atmosphere, plane level surfaces, and a
nonrotating earth."
22. Document ID 20020057965 Stability and Control Estimation Flight Test Results for the SR-71
Aircraft With Externally Mounted Experiments
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20020057965/downloads/20020057965.pdf
Pages 18 & 19 of PDF, Pages 10 & 11
of Document, Equations of Motion: "These equations assume a rigid vehicle
and a flat, nonrotating Earth."
23. Document ID 19880014378 Flight testing a V/STOL aircraft to identify a full-envelope
aerodynamic model
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19880014378/downloads/19880014378.pdf
Pages 8 & 9 of PDF, Pages 4 & 5 of
Document, State of Estimation: "For aircraft problems, the state and
measurement models together represent the kinematics of a rigid body for
describing motion over a flat, nonrotating Earth."
24. Document ID 20060053337 Singular-Arc Time-Optimal Trajectory of Aircraft in Two-Dimensional
Wind Field
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20060053337/downloads/20060053337.pdf
Page 2, II. Singular Arc Optimal Control:
"In our minimum time-to-climb problem, the aircraft is modeled as a point
mass and the flight trajectory is strictly confined in a vertical plane on a
non-rotating, flat earth."
25. US Navy STUDIES ON INSTABILITIES IN
LONG-BASELINE TWO-WAY SATELLITE TIME AND FREQUENCY TRANSFER (TWSTFT) INCLUDING
A TROPOSPHERE DELAY MODEL
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA485489.pdf
Page 3 of PDF, Page 212 of Document,
INTRODUCTION: Shows a graphic with two ground stations positioned on the same,
flat plane. Page 7 of PDF, Page 216 of Document, TROPOSPHERE: "Two are
rough approaches, namely a simple plane troposphere (assuming a flat Earth) and
the straight “line of sight” through the spherical troposphere shell
[14]."
26. ARL-TN-175 Scale-Insensitive Detection Algorithm for FLIR Imagery
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA387936.pdf
Page 6 of PDF, Page 1 of Document,
Introduction: "In other scenarios, only the range to the center of the
field of view and the depression angle is known, so that a flat-earth
approximation provides the best estimate."
27. ARL-TR-2696 User Manual for the Microsoft Window Edition of the Scanning
Fast-Field Program (WSCAFFIP) Version 3.0
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA410145.pdf
Page 45 of PDF, Page 39 of Document, 13.
Abstract: "This model works over a flat earth and non-turbulent
atmosphere."
28. ARL-TR-2156 Path-Loss Measurements in a Forested Environment at VHF
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA383456.pdf
Page 6 of PDF, Figures: "9. Comparison
of measurements to theory for transmission loss over flat earth" &
"15. Comparison of measured propagation loss, loss over flat earth"
Page 8 of PDF, Page 2 of Document, 2.2 Multipath Measurements: "We made
multipath measurements to provide confidence in the data and to get an idea of
how well our measurements of the clearing represented an ideal flat
earth." Page 16 of PDF, Page 10 of Document, 4.1 Multipath Data: "The
expected transmission loss in decibels over a flat earth is given by" Page
17 of PDF, Page 11 of Document, Figure 9: "Comparison of measurements to
theory for transmission loss over flat earth for a range of" Page 18 of
PDF, Page 12 of Document, Figure 9 (cont'd).: "Comparison of measurements
to theory for transmission loss over flat earth for a range of" Page 19 of
PDF, Page 13 of Document, 4.2 Propagation in Clearing: "The difference
between the theory for propagation over flat earth given by equation (2) and
the measurements is because the measurements were made on an irregular lossy
ground with obstacles on both sides." Page 20 of PDF, Page 14 of Document,
4.3 HH Propagation Through Woods: "After the data were inspected, it
became apparent that they tended to agree with the theory given by equation
(2), plus some fixed attenuation, and therefore allowed us to develop an
analytical expression based on flat earth theory." Page 23 of PDF, Page 17
of Document: "The data in figure 15 compare loss over flat earth (theory)
given by equation (2) in section 4.1 and the analytical model given in equation
(4)." Page 25 of PDF, Page 19 of Document, Figure 15: "Comparison of
measured propagation loss, loss over flat earth, and an analytical model for HH
polarization in decibels plotted as a function of range for" Page 26 of
PDF, Page 20 of Document, Figure 15 (cont'd).: "Comparison of measured
propagation loss, loss over flat earth, and an analytical model for HH
polarization in decibels plotted as a function of range for" Page 35 of
PDF, Page 29 of Document, Conclusions: "The propagation loss through woods
tends to agree with the theory plus a fixed attenuation; therefore, we
developed an analytical expression by adding an attenuation to the theory of
loss over flat earth." & "The first part of the above expression
is the predicted path loss over flat earth [6]; the second part is the fixed
attenuation caused by woods at a given frequency."
29. U.S. Air Force w/Brown University,
Accession Number: AD0067880 Review of Sound
Propagation in the Lower Atmosphere
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/AD0067880.pdf
Page 18 of PDF, SECTION I THEORY AND
LABORATORY MASUREMENTS 1.1 INTRODUCTION: "In most of the topics to be
discussed the problem Is to describe the sound field in a region of atmosphere
above a flat earth." Page 208 of PDF, Bibliography: "21. H. Bremmer,
The Extension of Sommerfeld's Formula for the Propagation of Radio Waves over a
Flat Earth to Different Conductivities of the Soil. Physica XX, 441,
(1954)"
30. ARL-CR-650 Beacon Position and Attitude Navigation Aided by a Magnetometer
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA527621.pdf
Page 11 of PDF, 2.1 Coordinate Systems:
"The first is the Earth-fixed coordinate system, which is fixed to the
Earth with a flat Earth assumption." Figure 1 diagram just below that is
of particular note.
31. ARL-TR-2683 Automatic Target Acquisition of the DEMO III Program
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA406615.pdf
Page 7 of PDF, 2. The Detection Algorithm:
"In other scenarios, only the range to the center of the field-of-view and
the depression angle is known so that a flat earth approximation provides the
best estimate."
32. ARL-TR-1812 Modeling of Atmospheric Effects
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA379288.pdf
Page 28 of PDF: "Thus, this model can
only be considered valid for flat terrain, small spatial domains, and short
time intervals." Page 29 of PDF: "This model works well over a
flat-earth and a nonturbulent atmosphere."
33. RCC Telemetry Group TELEMETRY STANDARDS
https://www.irig106.org/docs/106-17/106-17_Telemetry_Standards.pdf
Page 158 of PDF: "Using a flat-earth
approximation, the angle would be computed to be approximately 4 degrees, thus
suggesting incorrectly that interference from terrestrial sources would not be
received in the main beam of the AMT ground station." Page 159 of PDF:
"The flat-earth approximation is obtained by letting the value of the
earth’s radius go to infinity." Page 172 of PDF: "Although the
equations for the two-ray model can be rather daunting, in its simplest form,
one uses flat-earth trigonometry to compute the difference in path lengths
between the direct and reflected signals." Page 181 of PDF: "As
always, care must be taken to not inadvertently default to the equations of
flat-earth trigonometry."
34. Document ID: 19940020279 Approximate optimal guidance for the advanced launch system
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19940020279/downloads/19940020279.pdf
Page 32 of PDF: "Lastly, the equations
of motion for the zeroth-order problem of flight in a vacuum over a flat Earth
are presented." Page 43 of PDF: "In this section the
three-dimensional equations of motion are reduced for flight in a great-circle
plane (the X-Z plane) over a flat, nonrotating Earth." & "the
zeroth-order equations of motion representing flight in a vacuum over a flat
Earth become" before showing the equation.
35. Document ID: 19960001686 Flight simulation software at NASA Dryden Flight Research Center
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19960001686/downloads/19960001686.pdf
Page 6 of PDF: "This structure, with
both flat- and oblate-Earth versions, has successfully supported more than 50
different aircraft." Page 12 of PDF: "In most cases, flat-Earth
six-degree-of-freedom equations of motion are used."
36. Thomas S. Alderete Simulator Aero Model Implementation
https://aviationsystems.arc.nasa.gov/publications/hitl/rtsim/Toms.pdf
Page 10 of PDF: "For the flat,
nonrotating earth considered here, any fixed frame of reference can be employed
as an inertial frame."
37. Shenyang Aerospace University Design and Implementation of Flight Visual Simulation System
https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1212/1212.0365.pdf
Page 3 of PDF: "a. Flight area is the
space above ground level where the rotation of earth and the curvy motion of
mass center of earth are neglected." This program is a joint venture
between the US Government & China.
38. Penn State A Discussion of Methods of Real-time Airplane Flight Simulation
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.510.7499&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Page 11 of PDF: "Flat-Earth
Coordinates. In many flight simulators, global navigation is not
important." & "In such cases, it is appropriate to model the
Earth as a plane half-space rather than an oblate spheroid. Then, the simulator
need not worry about how the local horizontal plane changes as the airplane
flies around the Earth. This simplifies the bookkeeping in the simulator
considerably. The flat-Earth coordinate system is a Cartesian system, which
originates at the surface." Page 14 of PDF: "If the simulator uses a
flat-Earth model, then the flat-Earth coordinate system serves as the local
system." (Note: This website works when they want it to, apparently.)
39. The American Practical Navigator An Epitome of Navigation by Nathaniel Bowditch, LLD (1995 Edition)
http://fer3.com/arc/imgx/bowditch1995/chapt22.pdf
Page 3 of PDF: "This assumes that the
observer is at sea level, the earth is flat between observer and object, there
is no refraction, and the object and its waterline form a right angle."
Additional terminology cited in the paper: backshore, n. That part of a
beach which is usually dry, being reached only by the highest tides, and by
extension, a narrow strip of relatively flat coast bordering the sea."
http://fer3.com/arc/imgx/bowditch1995/glossary/gloss-b.pdf
line of sight - the straight line between two points, which does not follow the
curvature of the earth.
http://fer3.com/arc/imgx/bowditch1995/glossary/gloss-jkl.pdf
(Original site not found with the full
document in one PDF file but you can read the whole thing using the links
provided along with this:
http://fer3.com/arc/navbooks2.html)
40. DTIC AD0826735 The Production of Firing Tables for Cannon Artillery by Elizabeth
R. Dickinson
https://archive.org/details/DTIC_AD0826735
Page 10 of PDF: Listed under "1. TABLE
OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS (Continued)" you will find: "MSL Mean
Sea Level" Page 20 of PDF: Under "5. Impact data* a. Land: height of
impact area above mean low water or mean sea level" Under "B.
Metro**" "2. Altitude of met station above mean low water or mean sea
level" Mean sea level (MSL, often shortened to sea level) is an
average surface level of one or more among Earth's coastal bodies of water from
which heights such as elevation may be measured. (Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level
) Merriam-webster's online dictionary
defines level in this instance as: a) an approximately horizontal line or
surface taken as an index of altitude. Example: The camera was adjusted
to be at eye level with the horizon. b) a practically horizontal surface
or area (as of land). Example: The earth is a level, stationary,
non-rotating, plane. (Source:
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/level
) The video states that: the phrase
"rotation of the earth" is cited 3xs between pages 22 & 24 of the
document (pages 24 & 26 of the PDF). However, an equation based on a
"theory" (particle Theory) is not a proof for "rotation of the
earth". For each of hte 3 variables for the "rotation of the
earth" in the theoretical equation the number zero (0) can be plugged in
without negatively impacting the entirety of the equation. (Equations are
included in the document/PDF.) The video also displays a graph (on page 108 of
the document or 110 of the PDF). The point being made here is that:
"12,000 meters = 7.45 miles & is a 37' drop if earth is a ball, but
earth curvature is not necessary for calculating ballistic artillery".
41. ARMY
Field Artillery Manual Cannon Gunnery TC-09.81
https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/pdf/web/tc3_09x81.pdf
Page 175 of PDF: Chapter 7: Firing Tables
Listed in the "STANDARD CONDITIONS" chart you'll see "NO
ROTATION OF THE EARTH" The video then mentions the M198-Howitzer which has
a maximum range of 14 miles (22.4 kilometers). Using the standard eight inches
per mile squared gives us ~157 feet of drop from the alleged earth curvature
that goes unaccounted for. (Source added:
https://www.military.com/equipment/m198-howitzer)
42. Field Artillery Gunnery FM 3-09.8 Document couldn't be located. The video makes the following points:
Concepts NOT discussed in doc: Coriolis, rotation of earth, sphere, curvature.
Concept discussed in doc: Azimuth (also shows a diagram)
43. TTP for the Field Artillery Cannon
Gunnery MCWP 3-16.3 FM 6-50 See previous point.
44. Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures
for the Field Artillery Manual Cannon Gunnery FM 6-80 MCWP 3-16.4 Document couldn't be located. The video makes the following points:
1) The document discusses the concepts of Coriolis & rotation of the earth
while simultaneously discussing the non-rotation of the earth. The video then
goes onto to point out how the document gives no instructions on how to account
for these factors. 2) It also goes on to reiterate the rotation of the earth as
just a theory while citing US Army doc Report 1371 entitled "The
Production of Firing Tables for Cannon Artillery" (see document 40) &
states that it "allows for the variable of alleged rotation of the earth
to be zero (0) leaving the entirety of the equation unaffected, and it is the
same with this doc produced by the US Marine Corps." Also refers again
back to the document 40 & the Azimuth.